Many collectors are eager to visit old mining sites for that opportunity to find minerals first-hand. Having frequently ventured into the field ourselves, we can certainly vouch for the anticipation and excitement of descending into some long-forgotten mine and finding that elusive pocket stacked full of shining crystals. Without expert knowledge, however, this can be deadly. This article describes some of the common dangers encountered in abandoned workings and recommends that you stay away unless you really know what you are doing or are being guided by someone who does. And lastly don`t forget that most mines are on private land and you should always obtain permission before entering. If in doubt - don`t go.

On the Surface

Even before descending three immediate dangers meet you on the surface, shafts, buildings and machinery. Shafts or holes, when covered, can even be more dangerous than open holes because the cover may be rotten or broken. Open shafts are deceptive because no light emerges from below. The sensation of height and the tendency to step back is thus absent in most people. Those who usually hesitate to look over the side of a tall building show no fear when looking down a mine shaft. Remember, a fall down shaft is just like falling from a high structure. Buildings and machines can be equally deadly. Always keep an eye for falling masonry, especially glass and roofing tiles. Rusting machines can trap or cut arms and legs, and leaking oil will make floors very slippery.

Rotten Timber

Timber is commonly used to support a mine’s roof and walls. However wood used below ground will rot faster than on the surface because of greater humidity. This danger may not be apparent because the timber may look sound. A seemingly well supported mine may thus give the look of being safe and give a sense of security, when in fact, the timber can barely support the weight. There is the constant danger of brushing against a timber and causing the entire area to cave in.

Broken Ladders and Steps

The entrance to, or exit from, underground workings is often made by climbing ladders. Rungs may be missing or broken, whilst others will fail under minimal weight. It is impossible to descend a ladder and examine each rung before placing weight on it.

Bad Air

Mine air may be contaminated with gases that are poisonous or ones that displace the oxygen needed to breathe. Some, like carbon dioxide are given off by decaying timbers and vegetable matter. Others, like hydrogen sulphide are released from rocks and minerals. Normally in active mines, ventilation keeps the air fresh. When they close, air is no longer circulated and is often blocked by obstruction. People have lost their lives even in shallow mines because of bad air. Do not disturb underground water. It may contain dissolved poisonous gases that are released by agitating the water.

Unsupported Walls and Roof

Many underground passages, tunnels and other working places do not need timber support during active mining operations. When the mine has been abandoned, however, these conditions change with time. The weight of the rock above is constantly pressing down on the roof and walls. There is no way of knowing when a distubance may cause the rock to loosen and fall.

Water Hazards

All underground water should be considered unfit for drinking. It is frequently contaminated with chemicals and other refuse. Lakes, pools, and sumps are very common in abandoned mines. Sometimes the water surface, when covered with dust, will look like solid ground, especially in the dark. On the other hand, when water is flowing, it is usually impossible to see the bottom and thus estimate its depth. Even if the water is clear there is a type of underground illusion which, because of refelcted light, makes deep pools appear shallow. Consequently there is always the danger of stepping into a deep hole. One false step can lead to drowning.